REFERENCING.

On the 20th June, the first thing that Mr.Tham taught is about referencing. So what is referencing ? "he asked"
Well it's pretty simple the word referencing comes from the word reference.
Referencing is used to acknowledge the source of information that one use in their writing.
There are 3 types of referencing, they are HARVARD, A.P.A and Chicago. So,below are the explanation on the 3 type of referencing.

1. HARVARD (known as system referencing)
    -Referencing is a system used in the academic community to indicate where ideas, theories     and quotes, used in an assignment, can be found. The  way of acknowledging the work of            another author is to use a referencing system.  It is really important for students to identify the     words from other author to avoid  plagiarism. So one probably thinks what they need to               reference. 

• Direct quotations – this is when you copy another author’s material word-for-word.  You should show the reader that it is a direct quote by placing the material in inverted commas.  Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used (“) but it is now acceptable, and preferable to use single inverted commas (‘).  Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the author’s words may precisely describe the point you are trying to make.  However, do try to avoid the overuse of direct quotations; try to paraphrase the author’s work where possible. 
• Paraphrasing – this is when you take another author’s ideas and put them into your own words.  You are still copying someone else’s work, so you must reference it.  You do not need to use inverted commas when you paraphrase, but you must clearly show the reader the original source of your information. Here is the link where I got my reference from Ref.

2. A.P.A (American Psychological Association)

   A.P.A Style requires reference lists, not bibliographies.Well it's quite similar to Harvard       
   system. Here is more detailed info for  A.P.A Ref.

3. CHICAGO
The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and date of publication.Click on the link for more understanding. Ref

All of this referencing,should not be more than 5 years from now as it could be considered irrelevant.


Next we learnt about Data. There is two types of data:

1. Collection - facts are collected as reference as analysis.
2. Sampling - Questions & Survey ( Market management).

Then, we learnt about Target Audience.

1. Primary - user / buyer / owner / victim
2. Secondary - non-user
3. Tertiary -  give you permission to communicate with them. They raise their hands, and actively let your content in every month, week, or day that you deliver it. 

There are 5 demographics can be used for target audience. 

1. Age
2. Location
3. Gender
4. Occupation
5. Ethnic background

For more info click : Ref.

Here is really good example on target audience commercial!

That's it for now.